1.7: Chapter 1 Review Exercises
- Page ID
- 25919
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or a counterexample.
1) A function is always one-to-one.
2) \(f∘g=g∘f\), assuming \(f\) and \(g\) are functions.
- Answer
- False
3) A relation that passes the horizontal and vertical line tests is a one-to-one function.
4) A relation passing the horizontal line test is a function.
- Answer
- False
State the domain and range of the given functions:
\(f=x^2+2x−3\), \(g=\ln(x−5)\), \(h=\dfrac{1}{x+4}\)
5) h
6) g
- Answer
- Domain: \(x>5\), Range: all real numbers
7) \(h∘f\)
8) \(g∘f\)
- Answer
- Domain: \(x>2\) and \(x<−4\), Range: all real numbers
Find the degree, \(y\)-intercept, and zeros for the following polynomial functions.
9) \(f(x)=2x^2+9x−5\)
10) \(f(x)=x^3+2x^2−2x\)
- Answer
- Degree of 3, \(y\)-intercept: \((0,0),\) Zeros: \(0, \,\sqrt{3}−1,\, −1−\sqrt{3}\)
Simplify the following trigonometric expressions.
11) \(\dfrac{\tan^2x}{\sec^2x}+{\cos^2x}\)
12) \(\cos^2x-\sin^2x\)
- Answer
- \(\cos(2x)\)
Solve the following trigonometric equations on the interval \(θ=[−2π,2π]\) exactly.
13) \(6\cos 2x−3=0\)
14) \(\sec^2x−2\sec x+1=0\)
- Answer
- \(0,±2π\)
Solve the following logarithmic equations.
15) \(5^x=16\)
16) \(\log_2(x+4)=3\)
- Answer
- \(4\)
Are the following functions one-to-one over their domain of existence? Does the function have an inverse? If so, find the inverse \(f^{−1}(x)\) of the function. Justify your answer.
17) \(f(x)=x^2+2x+1\)
18) \(f(x)=\dfrac{1}{x}\)
- Answer
- One-to-one; yes, the function has an inverse; inverse: \(f^{−1}(x)=\dfrac{1}{x}\)
For the following problems, determine the largest domain on which the function is one-to-one and find the inverse on that domain.
19) \(f(x)=\sqrt{9−x}\)
20) \(f(x)=x^2+3x+4\)
- Answer
- \(x≥−\frac{3}{2},\quad f^{−1}(x)=−\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4x−7}\)
21) A car is racing along a circular track with diameter of 1 mi. A trainer standing in the center of the circle marks his progress every 5 sec. After 5 sec, the trainer has to turn 55° to keep up with the car. How fast is the car traveling?
For the following problems, consider a restaurant owner who wants to sell T-shirts advertising his brand. He recalls that there is a fixed cost and variable cost, although he does not remember the values. He does know that the T-shirt printing company charges $440 for 20 shirts and $1000 for 100 shirts.
22) a. Find the equation \(C=f(x)\) that describes the total cost as a function of number of shirts and
b. determine how many shirts he must sell to break even if he sells the shirts for $10 each.
- Answer
- a. \(C(x)=300+7x\)
b. \(100\) shirts
23) a. Find the inverse function \(x=f^{−1}(C)\) and describe the meaning of this function.
b. Determine how many shirts the owner can buy if he has $8000 to spend.
For the following problems, consider the population of Ocean City, New Jersey, which is cyclical by season.
24) The population can be modeled by \(P(t)=82.5−67.5\cos[(π/6)t]\), where \(t\) is time in months (\(t=0\) represents January 1) and \(P\) is population (in thousands). During a year, in what intervals is the population less than 20,000? During what intervals is the population more than 140,000?
- Answer
- The population is less than 20,000 from December 8 through January 23 and more than 140,000 from May 29 through August 2
25) In reality, the overall population is most likely increasing or decreasing throughout each year. Let’s reformulate the model as \(P(t)=82.5−67.5\cos[(π/6)t]+t\), where t is time in months (\(t=0\) represents January 1) and \(P\) is population (in thousands). When is the first time the population reaches 200,000?
For the following problems, consider radioactive dating. A human skeleton is found in an archeological dig. Carbon dating is implemented to determine how old the skeleton is by using the equation \(y=e^{rt}\), where \(y\) is the percentage of radiocarbon still present in the material, \(t\) is the number of years passed, and \(r=−0.0001210\) is the decay rate of radiocarbon.
26) If the skeleton is expected to be 2000 years old, what percentage of radiocarbon should be present?
- Answer
- 78.51%
27) Find the inverse of the carbon-dating equation. What does it mean? If there is 25% radiocarbon, how old is the skeleton?
Contributors
Gilbert Strang (MIT) and Edwin “Jed” Herman (Harvey Mudd) with many contributing authors. This content by OpenStax is licensed with a CC-BY-SA-NC 4.0 license. Download for free at http://cnx.org.