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12.10: Checking the Normality Assumption

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    36174
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    Testing the normality assumption is relatively straightforward. We covered most of what you need to know in Section 13.9. The only thing we really need to know how to do is pull out the residuals (i.e., the ϵik values) so that we can draw our QQ plot and run our Shapiro-Wilk test. First, let’s extract the residuals. R provides a function called residuals() that will do this for us. If we pass our my.anova to this function, it will return the residuals. So let’s do that:

    my.anova.residuals <- residuals( object = my.anova )   # extract the residuals

    We can print them out too, though it’s not exactly an edifying experience. In fact, given that I’m on the verge of putting myself to sleep just typing this, it might be a good idea to skip that step. Instead, let’s draw some pictures and run ourselves a hypothesis test:

    hist( x = my.anova.residuals )           # plot a histogram (similar to Figure @ref{fig:normalityanova}a)

    unnamed-chunk-48-1.png

    qqnorm( y = my.anova.residuals )         # draw a QQ plot (similar to Figure @ref{fig:normalityanova}b)

    unnamed-chunk-48-2.png

    shapiro.test( x = my.anova.residuals )   # run Shapiro-Wilk test
    ## 
    ##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
    ## 
    ## data:  my.anova.residuals
    ## W = 0.96019, p-value = 0.6053

    The histogram and QQ plot are both look pretty normal to me.212 This is supported by the results of our Shapiro-Wilk test (W=.96, p=.61) which finds no indication that normality is violated.


    This page titled 12.10: Checking the Normality Assumption is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Danielle Navarro via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.