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5.8: Chapter Practice

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    5.2 Properties of Continuous Probability Density Functions

    1. Which type of distribution does the graph illustrate?

    The horizontal axis ranges from 0 to 10. The distribution is modeled by a rectangle extending from x = 3 to x =8.
    Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)

    2. Which type of distribution does the graph illustrate?

    This graph slopes downward. It begins at a point on the y-axis and approaches the x-axis at the right edge of the graph.
    Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)

    3. Which type of distribution does the graph illustrate?

    This graph shows a bell-shaped graph. The symmetric graph reaches maximum height at x = 0 and slopes downward gradually to the x-axis on each side of the peak.
    Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)

    4. What does the shaded area represent? \(P\)(___\(< x <\) ___)

    This graph shows a uniform distribution. The horizontal axis ranges from 0 to 10. The distribution is modeled by a rectangle extending from x = 1 to x = 8. A region from x = 2 to x = 5 is shaded inside the rectangle.
    Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)

    5. What does the shaded area represent? \(P\)(___\(< x <\) ___)

    This graph shows an exponential distribution. The graph slopes downward. It begins at a point on the y-axis and approaches the x-axis at the right edge of the graph. The region under the graph from x = 6 to x = 7 is shaded.
    Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)

    6. For a continuous probablity distribution, \(0 \leq x \leq 15\). What is \(P(x > 15)\)?

    7. What is the area under \(f(x)\) if the function is a continuous probability density function?

    8. For a continuous probability distribution, \(0 \leq x \leq 10\). What is \(P(x = 7)\)?

    9. A continuous probability function is restricted to the portion between \(x = 0\) and \(7\). What is \(P(x = 10)\)?

    10. \(f(x)\) for a continuous probability function is \(\frac{1}{5}\), and the function is restricted to \(0 \leq x \leq 5\). What is \(P(x < 0)\)?

    11. \(f(x)\), a continuous probability function, is equal to \(\frac{1}{12}\), and the function is restricted to \(0 \leq x \leq 12\). What is \(P(0 < x < 12)\)?

    12. Find the probability that \(x\) falls in the shaded area.

    4d964812e68cb73b47406efc87b275e3496d9874
    Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\)

    13. Find the probability that \(x\) falls in the shaded area.

    902063719447ede776b3c000cae81c74ed9c2ff5 (1).jpg
    Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)

    14. Find the probability that \(x\) falls in the shaded area.

    86362aff9a791a2b6a4dd98e983c956aca8304a4
    Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\)

    15. \(f(x)\), a continuous probability function, is equal to \(\frac{1}{3}\) and the function is restricted to \(1 \leq x \leq 4\). Describe \(P(x>\frac{3}{2})\).

    5.3 The Uniform Distribution

    Use the following information to answer the next ten questions. The data that follow are the square footage (in 1,000 feet squared) of 28 homes.

    1.5 2.4 3.6 2.6 1.6 2.4 2.0
    3.5 2.5 1.8 2.4 2.5 3.5 4.0
    2.6 1.6 2.2 1.8 3.8 2.5 1.5
    2.8 1.8 4.5 1.9 1.9 3.1 1.6
    Table \(\PageIndex{2}\)

    The sample mean = 2.50 and the sample standard deviation = 0.8302.

    The distribution can be written as \(X \sim U(1.5, 4.5)\).

    16. What type of distribution is this?

    17. In this distribution, outcomes are equally likely. What does this mean?

    18. What is the height of \(f(x)\) for the continuous probability distribution?

    19. What are the constraints for the values of \(x\)?

    20. Graph \(P(2 < x < 3)\).

    21. What is \(P(2 < x < 3)\)?

    22. What is \(P(x < 3.5 | x < 4)\)?

    23. What is \(P(x = 1.5)\)?

    24. Find the probability that a randomly selected home has more than 3,000 square feet given that you already know the house has more than 2,000 square feet.

    Use the following information to answer the next eight exercises. A distribution is given as \(X \sim U(0, 12)\).

    25. What is \(a\)? What does it represent?

    26. What is \(b\)? What does it represent?

    27. What is the probability density function?

    28. What is the theoretical mean?

    29. What is the theoretical standard deviation?

    30. Draw the graph of the distribution for \(P(x > 9)\).

    31. Find \(P(x > 9)\).

    Use the following information to answer the next eleven exercises. The age of cars in the staff parking lot of a suburban college is uniformly distributed from six months (0.5 years) to 9.5 years.

    32. What is being measured here?

    33. In words, define the random variable \(X\).

    34. Are the data discrete or continuous?

    35. The interval of values for \(x\) is ______.

    36. The distribution for \(X\) is ______.

    37. Write the probability density function.

    38. Graph the probability distribution.

    1. Sketch the graph of the probability distribution.
      This is a blank graph template. The vertical and horizontal axes are unlabeled.
      Figure \(\PageIndex{9}\)
    2. Identify the following values:
      • Lowest value for \(\overline{x}\): _______
      • Highest value for \(\overline{x}\): _______
      • Height of the rectangle: _______
      • Label for x-axis (words): _______
      • Label for y-axis (words): _______

    39. Find the average age of the cars in the lot.

    40. Find the probability that a randomly chosen car in the lot was less than four years old.

    1. Sketch the graph, and shade the area of interest.
      Blank graph with vertical and horizontal axes.
      Figure \(\PageIndex{10}\)
    2. Find the probability. \(P(x < 4)\) = _______

    41. Considering only the cars less than 7.5 years old, find the probability that a randomly chosen car in the lot was less than four years old.

    1. Sketch the graph, shade the area of interest.
      This is a blank graph template. The vertical and horizontal axes are unlabeled.
      Figure \(\PageIndex{11}\)
    2. Find the probability. \(P(x < 4 | x < 7.5) =\) _______

    42. What has changed in the previous two problems that made the solutions different?

    43. Find the third quartile of ages of cars in the lot. This means you will have to find the value such that \(\frac{3}{4}\), or 75%, of the cars are at most (less than or equal to) that age.

    1. Sketch the graph, and shade the area of interest.
      Blank graph with vertical and horizontal axes.

      Figure \(\PageIndex{12}\)

    2. Find the value \(k\) such that \(P(x < k) = 0.75\).
    3. The third quartile is _______

    5.4 The Exponential Distribution

    Use the following information to answer the next ten exercises. A customer service representative must spend different amounts of time with each customer to resolve various concerns. The amount of time spent with each customer can be modeled by the following distribution: \(X \sim Exp(0.2)\)

    44. What type of distribution is this?

    45.Are outcomes equally likely in this distribution? Why or why not?

    46. What is \(m\)? What does it represent?

    47. What is the mean?

    48. What is the standard deviation?

    49. State the probability density function.

    50. Graph the distribution.

    51. Find \(P(2 < x < 10)\).

    52. Find \(P(x > 6)\).

    53. Find the 70th percentile.

    Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises. A distribution is given as \(X \sim Exp(0.75)\).

    54. What is m?

    55. What is the probability density function?

    56. What is the cumulative distribution function?

    57. Draw the distribution.

    58. Find \(P(x < 4)\).

    59. Find the 30th percentile.

    60. Find the median.

    61. Which is larger, the mean or the median?

    Use the following information to answer the next 16 exercises. Carbon-14 is a radioactive element with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon-14 is said to decay exponentially. The decay rate is 0.000121. We start with one gram of carbon-14. We are interested in the time (years) it takes to decay carbon-14.

    62. What is being measured here?

    63. Are the data discrete or continuous?

    64. In words, define the random variable \(X\).

    65. What is the decay rate (\(m\))?

    66. The distribution for \(X\) is ______.

    67. Find the amount (percent of one gram) of carbon-14 lasting less than 5,730 years. This means, find \(P(x < 5,730)\).

    1. Sketch the graph, and shade the area of interest.
      This is a blank graph template. The vertical and horizontal axes are unlabeled.
      Figure \(\PageIndex{13}\)
    2. Find the probability. \(P(x < 5,730) =\) __________

    68. Find the percentage of carbon-14 lasting longer than 10,000 years.

    1. Sketch the graph, and shade the area of interest.
      Blank graph with horizontal and vertical axes.
      Figure \(\PageIndex{14}\)
    2. Find the probability. \(P(x > 10,000) =\) ________

    69. Thirty percent (30%) of carbon-14 will decay within how many years?

    1. Sketch the graph, and shade the area of interest.
      This is a blank graph template. The vertical and horizontal axes are unlabeled.
      Figure \(\PageIndex{15}\)

      Find the value \(k\) such that \(P(x < k) = 0.30\).

    This page titled 5.8: Chapter Practice was last modified on Wed, 04 Jan 2023 20:05:41 GMT and is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.