16.E: Research Design (Exercises)
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General Questions
Q1
To be a scientific theory, the theory must be potentially ______________.
Q2
What is the difference between a faith-based explanation and a scientific explanation?
Q3
What does it mean for a theory to be parsimonious?
Q4
Define reliability in terms of parallel forms.
Q5
Define true score.
Q6
What is the reliability if the true score variance is \(80\) and the test score variance is \(100\)?
Q7
What statistic relates to how close a score on one test will be to a score on a parallel form?
Q8
What is the effect of test length on the reliability of a test?
Q9
Distinguish between predictive validity and construct validity.
Q10
What is the theoretical maximum correlation of a test with a criterion if the test has a reliability of \(0.81\)?
Q11
An experiment solicits subjects to participate in a highly stressful experiment. What type of sampling bias is likely to occur?
Q12
Give an example of survivorship bias not presented in this text.
Q13
Distinguish "between-subject" variables from "within-subjects" variables.
Q14
Of the variables "gender" and "trials," which is likely to be a between-subjects variable and which a within-subjects variable?
Q15
Define interaction.
Q16
What is counterbalancing used for?
Q17
How does randomization deal with the problem of pre-existing differences between groups?
Q18
Give an example of the "third variable problem" other than those in this text.