The sample average of the 60 fish may then be used to provide an estimate of the population average of all the fish and answer the research question. We use the lower-case n to represent the number of...The sample average of the 60 fish may then be used to provide an estimate of the population average of all the fish and answer the research question. We use the lower-case n to represent the number of cases in the sample and the upper-case N to represent the number of cases in the population. As an example, suppose you are interested in finding the proportion of people who like a candidate, the average height a plant grows to using a new fertilizer, or the variability of the test scores.
