where Z is the value on the standard normal distribution, M is the sample mean, μ is the hypothesized value of the mean, and σM is the standard error of the mean. where t ...where Z is the value on the standard normal distribution, M is the sample mean, μ is the hypothesized value of the mean, and σM is the standard error of the mean. where t is the value we compute for the significance test, M is the sample mean, μ is the hypothesized value of the population mean, and sM is the estimated standard error of the mean.