To investigate this question, the instructor divides the class into two groups: (1) those who listen to music when they study and (2) those who do not listen to music when they study. We can also view...To investigate this question, the instructor divides the class into two groups: (1) those who listen to music when they study and (2) those who do not listen to music when they study. We can also view this as an observational study of one population (college students) that investigates the relationship between two variables: listening to music while studying and perceived understanding of material studied.