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- https://stats.libretexts.org/Courses/Cerritos_College/Introduction_to_Statistics_with_R/02%3A_Introduction_to_R/2.01%3A_Why_Programming_Is_Hard_to_LearnA large amount of psychological research has shown that practice needs to be deliberate, meaning that it focuses on developing the specific skills that one needs to perform the skill, at a level that ...A large amount of psychological research has shown that practice needs to be deliberate, meaning that it focuses on developing the specific skills that one needs to perform the skill, at a level that is always pushing one’s ability. Whenever I experience an error that I don’t understand, the first thing that I do is to copy and paste the error message into a search engine Often this will provide several pages discussing the problem and the ways that people have solved it.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Courses/Cerritos_College/Introduction_to_Statistics_with_R/01%3A_Basics/1.01%3A_Introduction/1.1.02%3A_Dealing_with_Statistics_AnxietyAnxiety feels uncomfortable, but psychology tells us that this kind of emotional arousal can actually help us perform better on many tasks, by focusing our attention So if you start to feel anxious ab...Anxiety feels uncomfortable, but psychology tells us that this kind of emotional arousal can actually help us perform better on many tasks, by focusing our attention So if you start to feel anxious about the material in this course, remind yourself that many others in the class are feeling similarly, and that the arousal could actually help you perform better (even if it doesn’t seem like it!).
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Courses/Cerritos_College/Introduction_to_Statistics_with_R/02%3A_Introduction_to_R/2.09%3A_Math_with_VectorsYou can apply mathematical operations to the elements of a vector just as you would with a single number: We can also apply logical operations across vectors; again, this will return a vector with the...You can apply mathematical operations to the elements of a vector just as you would with a single number: We can also apply logical operations across vectors; again, this will return a vector with the operation applied to the pairs of values at each position. Most functions will work with vectors just as they would with a single number. We could create a vector and pass it to the sin() function, which will return as many sine values as there are input values:
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Advanced_Statistics/Analysis_of_Variance_and_Design_of_Experiments/10%3A_ANCOVA_Part_IIExtending ANCOVA to model quantitative predictors with higher-order polynomials, using orthogonal polynomial coding. Fitting a polynomial to express the impact of the quantitative predictor on the res...Extending ANCOVA to model quantitative predictors with higher-order polynomials, using orthogonal polynomial coding. Fitting a polynomial to express the impact of the quantitative predictor on the response is also called trend analysis and helps to evaluate the separate contributions of linear and nonlinear components of the polynomial.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Advanced_Statistics/Analysis_of_Variance_and_Design_of_Experiments/10%3A_ANCOVA_Part_II/10.01%3A_ANCOVA_with_Quantitative_Factor_LevelsOverview of ANCOVA with quantitative factor levels.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Courses/Cerritos_College/Introduction_to_Statistics_with_R/02%3A_Introduction_to_R/2.04%3A_Getting_Started_with_RWhen we work with R, we often do this using a command line in which we type commands and it responds to those commands. We will return to variables in a little while, but if we want R to print out the...When we work with R, we often do this using a command line in which we type commands and it responds to those commands. We will return to variables in a little while, but if we want R to print out the word hello then we need to contain it in quotation marks, telling R that it is a character string. Another important one is real numbers, which are the most common kind of numbers that we will deal with in statistics, which span the entire number line including the spaces in between the integers.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Advanced_Statistics/Intermediate_Statistics_with_R_(Greenwood)/04%3A_Two-Way_ANOVA/4.07%3A_Chapter_summaryIf there is no interaction, then the additive model provides information on each of the variables and the differences across levels of each variable are the same regardless of the levels of the other ...If there is no interaction, then the additive model provides information on each of the variables and the differences across levels of each variable are the same regardless of the levels of the other variable. The methods discussed in this chapter allow us to effectively arrive at the interpretation of the differences in the results across the combinations of the treatments due to the interaction having a small p-value in both cases.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Advanced_Statistics/Analysis_of_Variance_and_Design_of_Experiments/03%3A_ANOVA_Models_Part_I/3.06%3A_One-Way_ANOVA_Greenhouse_Example_in_MinitabRunning one-way ANOVA on the greenhouse example using Minitab.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Computing_and_Modeling/Book%3A_Linear_Regression_Using_R_-_An_Introduction_to_Data_Modeling_(Lilja)/01%3A_Introduction/1.04%3A_What's_Next%3FChapter 2 describes the sample data that will be used in the examples throughout this tutorial, and how to read this data into the R environment. Chapter 5 then shows how to use this multi-factor regr...Chapter 2 describes the sample data that will be used in the examples throughout this tutorial, and how to read this data into the R environment. Chapter 5 then shows how to use this multi-factor regression model to predict the system response when given new input data. Chapter 6 explains in more detail the routines used to read a file containing your data into the R environment.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Advanced_Statistics/Analysis_of_Variance_and_Design_of_Experiments/01%3A_Overview_of_ANOVAOverview of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and experimental design concepts. The 7-step process for statistical hypothesis testing.
- https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Computing_and_Modeling/Book%3A_Linear_Regression_Using_R_-_An_Introduction_to_Data_Modeling_(Lilja)/01%3A_Introduction/1.02%3A_What_is_a_Linear_Regression_Model%3FWe also will be able to use the model we develop to predict the performance we would expect to see on a system that has input values that did not exist in any of the systems that we actually measured....We also will be able to use the model we develop to predict the performance we would expect to see on a system that has input values that did not exist in any of the systems that we actually measured. As a final point, note that, since the regression model is a linear combination of the input values, the values of the model parameters will automatically be scaled as we develop the model.
