This page discusses statistical methods for comparing two independent population means, focusing on standard error, test statistics, and effect sizes. It includes formulas for calculating standard err...This page discusses statistical methods for comparing two independent population means, focusing on standard error, test statistics, and effect sizes. It includes formulas for calculating standard error and \(t\)-scores, determining degrees of freedom, and introduces Cohen's \(d\) for effect size. The text covers cases with known variances and matched samples, detailing the use of \(z\)-scores and \(t\)-scores based on variance knowledge.
