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  • https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Probability_Theory/Probability_Mathematical_Statistics_and_Stochastic_Processes_(Siegrist)/04%3A_Expected_Value/4.07%3A_Conditional_Expected_Value
    \begin{align} \cov(Y, Z \mid X) & = \E\left(Y Z - Y \E(Z \mid X) - Z E(Y \mid X) + \E(Y \mid X) E(Z \mid X) \biggm| X \right) = \E(Y Z \mid X) - \E\left[Y \E(Z \mid X) \mid X\right] - \E\left[Z \E(Y \...\begin{align} \cov(Y, Z \mid X) & = \E\left(Y Z - Y \E(Z \mid X) - Z E(Y \mid X) + \E(Y \mid X) E(Z \mid X) \biggm| X \right) = \E(Y Z \mid X) - \E\left[Y \E(Z \mid X) \mid X\right] - \E\left[Z \E(Y \mid X) \mid X\right] + \E\left[\E(Y \mid X) \E(Z \mid X) \mid X\right] \\ & = \E\left(Y Z \mid X\right) - \E(Y \mid X) \E(Z \mid X) - \E(Y \mid X) \E(Z \mid X) + \E(Y \mid X) \E(Z \mid X) = \E\left(Y Z \mid X\right) - \E(Y \mid X) E(Z \mid X) \end{align}

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