With the new values, the expected fortune of player A (that is, the sum of the nominal values of his counters) after each play equals his fortune before the play (and similarly for player B). (For a s...With the new values, the expected fortune of player A (that is, the sum of the nominal values of his counters) after each play equals his fortune before the play (and similarly for player B). (For a simpler martingale argument, see Exercise [exer 12.2.10].) De Moivre then uses the fact that when the game ends, it is still fair, thus Equation \(\PageIndex{1}\) must be true.