Because the estimated difference is the average over all of the YY observations, the dummy is best understood as a change in the value of the intercept (AA) for the dummied" group. First note that the...Because the estimated difference is the average over all of the YY observations, the dummy is best understood as a change in the value of the intercept (AA) for the dummied" group. First note that the inclusion of the dummy variables doe not change the manner in which you interpret the other (non-dummy) variables in the model; the estimated partial regression coefficients for age, education, income and ideology should all be interpreted as described in the prior chapter.