10.2.4: Tech Lab 4

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Tech Lab 4- Displaying Quantitative Data

Purpose

In this technology lab we learn how to use Excel to construct a frequency table and histogram for a quantitative variable.

Frequency Distributions and Histograms

Histograms or frequency tables summarize the distribution of quantitative data. We’ll look at the Excel process for creating Frequency Distributions and Histograms in class but you can also review these videos

Creating a Frequency Table in Excel 365 for Numerical Data (14:52)

Creating a Frequency Table Excel 365 – Second Example (5:17)

Creating a Histogram from a Frequency Table in Excel 365 (7:29)

To Practice Download the shared Excel file with the data for this tech lab

Part 1

Create a frequency table and histogram for the price of the Airbnb listings from Denver. Here is a written guide:

Determine the min, max, and range of the data.
Determine about how many classes you want. Typically this is around 5 for a small data set and more like 20 for a large data set, but there’s no fixed rule. As this data set has nearly 5000 entries, shoot for around 10-15
Divide your range by the number of classes you want and round this to a “nice” number. This will be your class width.
Start with a lower class limit for the first class that’s a nice number that’s at or below your minimum data value. Often this is 0, but it doesn’t need to be.
Add your class width repeatedly to generate all your lower class limits until you reach a class containing the maximum data value.
Find your upper class limit for the first class by finding a number just before where the next class would start. You may need to use decimals if your data isn’t all whole numbers, just be sure there’s no overlap between classes and that none of the data falls into gaps between the classes. For example, for data with 1 decimal place, you might have 1-2.9, 3-4.9, 5-6.9,… (class width 2).
Once you have your classes, find the frequencies of each class using the COUNTIFS function. Here’s the syntax, but see the video for more details: =COUNTIFS( [data range], ">="& [lower limit], [data range], "<="& [upper limit])
Use the =CONCAT(*lower*, “-”, *upper* ) function to create your class labels.

Once you have a frequency table, create a graph by highlighting your table (classes and frequencies) and using Insert -> 2D Column Chart. Be sure to:
1. Remove gaps between the bars in the graph
2. Give good labels to the graph and both axes
Interpretation: How would you describe this distribution? (shape, center, spread, any outliers) Answer this question, in a Textbox (Insert->Textbox) in Excel.

Part 2

In the College Data tab, find the column for “Mean Earnings 10 years after entry (working, not enrolled)”. This represents the mean income (in US dollars) for students from that college 10 years after they enrolled at the college, assuming they were working and not a student at the time of the survey.

Create a frequency table and histogram where your bins/classes start at 10,000 and have class width 10,000 (hint: your first class would be $10,000-$19,000)

Once you have a histogram showing the data, what do you see in the distribution? (shape, center, spread, any outliers, any unusual features?). Be sure to explain this in the real-world context of what the data represents. Answer this part in a text box.

Search

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Part 1

Part 2