# 20.30: Exercise and Memory

Skills to Develop

• To study the benefits of exercise on memory

### Research conducted by

M. E. Hopkins, F. C. Davis, M. R. Van Tieghem, P. J. Whalen, and D. J. Bucci

### Case study prepared by

Robert F. Houser and Georgette Baghdady

### Overview

Physical exercise has many beneficial effects on physiological processes, including those that affect cognition and memory. Exercise increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a protein found in the learning and memory centers of the brain where it supports nerve cell survival and the growth of new neurons and neuronal connections. A polymorphism of BDNF (a variant genotype) alters the release of BDNF during exercise. The researchers of this study sought to compare the effects of a single bout of exercise versus a $$4$$-week exercise regimen on cognition and memory and to determine if BDNF genotype influences the intensity of those effects of exercise.

How do regular exercise and/or an acute bout of exercise affect cognitive memory? Does type of BDNF genotype (Val/Val or Met carrier) mediate the effect of exercise on memory? How do we calculate a one-way ANOVA by hand and how do different post-hoc tests compare?

### Design Issues

The group sample sizes are small, perhaps limiting the power to detect significant differences between the four exercise/control groups.

### Descriptions of Variables

Table $$\PageIndex{1}$$: Description of Variables

 Variable Description Group 0W-: sedentary group 0W+: sedentary group with one bout of exercise at least 2 hours before Visit 2 4W-: regularly exercising group 4W+: regularly exercising group with a bout of exercise at least 2 hours before Visit 2 Accuracy The percentage of objects each group accurately identified as old or new when performing the novel object recognition task during each study visit Difference score Accuracy achieved by the subject in the novel object recognition task during Visit 2 minus accuracy during Visit 1, in percent BDNF genotype Whether a subject's BDNF genotype is Val/Val or Met carrier (Val/Met and Met/Met)

### References

• Hopkins, M. E., Davis, F. C., Van Tieghem, M. R., Whalen, P. J., Bucci, D. J. (2012). Differential effects of acute and regular physical exercise on cognition and affect. Neuroscience, 215, 59-68.

### Contributor

• Online Statistics Education: A Multimedia Course of Study (http://onlinestatbook.com/). Project Leader: David M. Lane, Rice University.