Skip to main content
Statistics LibreTexts

14.1.1: Symbols and Their Meanings

  1. Last updated
  2. Save as PDF
  • Page ID
    46166

    • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \(\newcommand{\longvect}{\overrightarrow}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\ket}[1]{\left| #1 \right>}\)
    \(\newcommand{\bra}[1]{\left< #1 \right|}\)
    \(\newcommand{\braket}[2]{\left< #1 \vphantom{#2} \right| \left. #2 \vphantom{#1} \right>}\)
    \(\newcommand{\braopket}[3]{\left< #1 \vphantom{#2}\vphantom{#3} \right| #2 \vphantom{#1}\vphantom{#3} \left| #3 \vphantom{#1}\vphantom{#2} \right>}\)
    \(\newcommand{\qmvec}[1]{\mathbf{\vec{#1}}}\)
    \(\newcommand{\op}[1]{\hat{\mathbf{#1}}}\)
    \(\newcommand{\expect}[1]{\langle #1 \rangle}\)
    \(\newcommand{\dfn}[1]{\emph{\textbf{#1}}}\)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

     

    Chapter (1st used) Symbol Spoken Meaning
    Sampling and Data \(\sqrt{ } \) The square root of same
    Sampling and Data \(\pi\) Pi 3.14159… (a specific number)
    Descriptive Statistics \(Q_1\) Quartile one the first quartile
    Descriptive Statistics \(Q_2\) Quartile two the second quartile
    Descriptive Statistics \(Q_3\) Quartile three the third quartile
    Descriptive Statistics \(IQR\) interquartile range \(Q_3 – Q_1 = IQR\)
    Descriptive Statistics \(\overline X\) \(x\)-bar sample mean
    Descriptive Statistics \(\mu\) mu population mean
    Descriptive Statistics \(s\) s sample standard deviation
    Descriptive Statistics \(s^2\) \(s\) squared sample variance
    Descriptive Statistics \(\sigma\) sigma population standard deviation
    Descriptive Statistics \(\sigma^2\) sigma squared population variance
    Descriptive Statistics \(\Sigma\) capital sigma sum
    Probability Topics \(\{ \}\) brackets set notation
    Probability Topics \(S\) S sample space
    Probability Topics \(A\) Event A event A
    Probability Topics \(P(A)\) probability of A probability of A occurring
    Probability Topics \(P(A|B)\) probability of A given B prob. of A occurring given B has occurred
    Probability Topics \(P(A\cup B)\) prob. of A or B prob. of A or B or both occurring
    Probability Topics \(P(A\cap B)\) prob. of A and B prob. of both A and B occurring (same time)
    Probability Topics \(A^{\prime}\) A-prime, complement of A complement of A, not A
    Probability Topics \(P(A^{\prime})\) prob. of complement of A same
    Probability Topics \(G_1\) green on first pick same
    Probability Topics \(P(G_1)\) prob. of green on first pick same
    Discrete Random Variables \(PDF\) prob. density function same
    Discrete Random Variables \(X\) X the random variable X
    Discrete Random Variables \(X \sim\) the distribution of X same
    Discrete Random Variables \(\geq\) greater than or equal to same
    Discrete Random Variables \(\leq\) less than or equal to same
    Discrete Random Variables \(=\) equal to same
    Discrete Random Variables \(\neq\) not equal to same
    Continuous Random Variables \(f(x)\) f of x function of x
    Continuous Random Variables \(pdf\) prob. density function same
    Continuous Random Variables \(U\) uniform distribution same
    Continuous Random Variables \(Exp\) exponential distribution same
    Continuous Random Variables \(f(x) =\) f of \(X\) equals same
    Continuous Random Variables \(m\) m decay rate (for exp. dist.)
    The Normal Distribution \(N\) normal distribution same
    The Normal Distribution \(z\) z-score same
    The Normal Distribution \(Z\) standard normal dist. same
    The Central Limit Theorem \(\overline X\) X-bar the random variable X-bar
    The Central Limit Theorem \(\mu_{\overline{x}}\) mean of X-bars the average of X-bars
    The Central Limit Theorem \(\sigma_{\overline{x}}\) standard deviation of X-bars same
    Confidence Intervals \(CL\) confidence level same
    Confidence Intervals \(CI\) confidence interval same
    Confidence Intervals \(EBM\) error bound for a mean same
    Confidence Intervals \(EBP\) error bound for a proportion same
    Confidence Intervals \(t\) Student's t-distribution same
    Confidence Intervals \(df\) degrees of freedom same
    Confidence Intervals \(t_{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\) student t with α/2 area in right tail same
    Confidence Intervals \(p^{\prime}\) p-prime sample proportion of success
    Confidence Intervals \(q^{\prime}\) q-prime sample proportion of failure
    Hypothesis Testing \(H_0\) H-naught, H-sub 0 null hypothesis
    Hypothesis Testing \(H_a\) H-a, H-sub a alternate hypothesis
    Hypothesis Testing \(H_1\) H-1, H-sub 1 alternate hypothesis
    Hypothesis Testing \(\alpha\) alpha probability of Type I error
    Hypothesis Testing \(\beta\) beta probability of Type II error
    Hypothesis Testing \(\overline{X 1}-\overline{X 2}\) X1-bar minus X2-bar difference in sample means
    Hypothesis Testing \(\mu_{1}-\mu_{2}\) mu-1 minus mu-2 difference in population means
    Hypothesis Testing \(P_{1}^{\prime}-P_{2}^{\prime}\) P1-prime minus P2-prime difference in sample proportions
    Hypothesis Testing \(p_{1}-p_{2}\) p1 minus p2 difference in population proportions
    Chi-Square Distribution \(X^2\) Ky-square Chi-square
    Chi-Square Distribution \(O\) Observed Observed frequency
    Chi-Square Distribution \(E\) Expected Expected frequency
    Linear Regression and Correlation \(y = a + bx\) y equals a plus b-x equation of a straight line
    Linear Regression and Correlation \(\hat y\) y-hat estimated value of y
    Linear Regression and Correlation \(r\) sample correlation coefficient same
    Linear Regression and Correlation \(\varepsilon\) error term for a regression line same
    Linear Regression and Correlation \(SSE\) Sum of Squared Errors same
    F-Distribution and ANOVA \(F\) F-ratio F-ratio
    Table B2 Symbols and their Meanings

    14.1.1: Symbols and Their Meanings is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.